Yzabel / October 7, 2019
Review: Gender Mosaic: Beyond the Myth of the Male and Female Brain
Gender Mosaic: Beyond the Myth of the Male and Female Brain by Daphna Joel
My rating: â
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Blurb:
With profound implications for our most foundational assumptions about gender, Gender Mosaic explains why there is no such thing as a male or female brain.
For generations, we’ve been taught that women and men differ in profound and important ways. Women are more sensitive and emotional, whereas men are more aggressive and sexual, because this or that region in the brains of women is smaller or larger than in men, or because they have more or less of this or that hormone. This story seems to provide us with a neat biological explanation for much of what we encounter in day-to-day life. But is it true?
According to neuroscientist Daphna Joel, it’s not. And in Gender Mosaic, she sets forth a bold and compelling argument that debunks the notion of female and male brains. Drawing on the latest scientific evidence, including the groundbreaking results of her own studies, Dr. Joel explains that every human brain is a unique mixture — or mosaic — of “male” and “female” features, and that these mosaics don’t map neatly into two categories.
With urgent practical implications for the way we understand ourselves and the world around us, Gender Mosaic is a fascinating look at the science of gender, sex and the brain, and at how freeing ourselves from the gender binary can help us all reach our full human potential.
Review:
[I received a copy through NetGalley, in exchange for an honest review.]
That was pretty much preaching to the choir here, so Iâll admit my bias from the beginningâIâm absolutely not convinced, science or no science, that gender has very legitimate foundations, and that your genitals determine how you behave, what you like, who you are, and so on. It doesnât make sense to me that so many people insist putting everybody in a tidy little âman OR womanâ box (and when you stand out of the box, youâd think it threatens the very foundations of -their- identity, which makes me think that thereâs something fishy here anyway). So, I was definitely interested in reading more about this concept of gender mosaic, and⊠well, -this-, on the other hand, makes sense to me.
âGender Mosaicâ explores the binary perception of gender, how people in general tend to ascribe this behaviour as âmasculineâ and that behaviour as âfeminineâ, but also how weâre actually very, very seldom made of only masculine or only feminine traits. Most people have a bit of both, but due to the importance placed on gender (re: the little boxes I mentioned), what is seen as âdeviations from the perceived normâ is usually also seen as something to stamp out, to hide, to reject (another of these things that make no sense to me: what does it matter that a little boy likes playing with dolls? Whatâs so frightening about it? That this kid will become a good father later?). Our genitals are part of our biology, sure, but theyâre not the only factor that plays a part in how our brains develop: itâs not only about hormones, itâs also about external influences, social ones, stress, etc. Especially stress: this isnât something I would have researched in relation to gender, not at first sight, and yet, in hindsight, studies that focus on this donât look out of place.
Which begs the question: what truly affects us? Does a man behave âlike a man âbecause he was born with a penis, or because external (social) pressures exerted on him since birth have affected him? If âboys donât cryâ, is it because they canât (beats me why they have tear ducts, then), or because they are repeatedly told almost since birth that âreal men donât cryâ (and shunned accordingly if they dare cry)? Are girls naturally better at cooking because they have a vagina, or because theyâve been traditionally stuck into staying at home and cooking? Are such differences between genders valid, or are they here in the first place because social expectations have increased them? And what of people whose traits don’t lean enough towards one genderâtoo often, they’re dismissed and conflated into the gender other people think is theirs, and this is harmful. A mosaic is a much healthier approach to this, to understanding what makes us human first and foremost.
Having a look at the various studies referenced throughout the book, I donât think Iâm an exception in leaning towards the latter explanations rather than the former ones. Said studies are also quoted in understandable, laypeople terms, and I found their relevance easy to grasp. Finally, I liked that âGender Mosaicâ discusses the scientific side, but also goes further in exploring what it means from a societal point of view: how we raise children, especially, and how so many pervasive behaviours that look âinnocentâ are actually deeply biased.
While I enjoyed these aspects, though, Iâd also have liked seeing more clarity in terms of actual differences. âMen are like this and women are like thatâ arguments are all too easily used to claim that âmen are superior to womenâ or âwomen make better parentsâ. However, science has also shown that there are physiological differences (not necessarily in brainsâfor instance, the way symptoms announcing impending cardiac arrest arenât exactly the same in women as in men, causing too many of the former to be misdiagnosed, just like âmaleâ is still too often used as the default template for âhumanâ in many medical studies). Itâs not that âGender Mosaicâ doesnât mention it at all, but I found the line a little blurred here. For me, the problem is with gender (= the social & formative aspect, what it imposes on human beings, how it shapes them through peer pressure), which doesnât mean that sex (the biological/genetical aspect) should be downplayed. I think the book wasnât too clear on that, or perhaps went a little too quickly about it, and as a result, it would be easy to misunderstand it in parts.
This said, when it comes to genders, behaviours perceived as associated to gendersâthen, yes, my own perception of it, my own experience, definitely point me towards âthis is indeed blurry, because weâre not made of all or nothing, and that blurriness is expectedâ.